言论自由与人格尊严：魁省人权法庭做出无先例判决

laval · 发表于 2016-7-23 13:02:06

<h1 class="post-title" style="border: 0px; font-weight: normal; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 28px; line-height: normal; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; margin-top: 20px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgb(237, 237, 237);">言论自由与人格尊严：魁省人权法庭做出无先例判决</h1><div class="post-meta" style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 18px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 10px; vertical-align: baseline; clear: both; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); position: relative; width: 360px; background-color: rgb(237, 237, 237);"><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 1.6em; vertical-align: baseline;">作者 <span class="vcard author" style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><a class="url fn n" href="http://www.rcinet.ca/zh/author/weiwu/" title="查看吴薇的所有文章" style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(204, 0, 0); text-decoration: none;">吴薇</a> |</span></p></div><div class="post-entry" style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 25px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline; clear: both; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgb(237, 237, 237);"><span style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 0px; line-height: 0px; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(237, 237, 237); float: right;">加拿大国际广播及CBC/Radio-Canada版权所有抄袭举报网站：www.rcinet.ca 微信ID:radio-canada</span><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; margin-top: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 1.6em; vertical-align: baseline;">幽默讽刺小品嘲笑残疾人，是否构成对他们的歧视？但如果对小品设限，是否又侵犯了演员的言论自由呢？哪个法官来判这样的官司，都如同走进了地雷阵。本星期，魁北克省人权法庭做出一项没有先例的判决，责令加拿大幽默小品演员迈克.沃德向被他嘲笑过的杰瑞米.加布里埃尔及母亲赔偿4万2千加元。沃德已宣布不服判决，将提出上诉。可以想象的是，双方都有许多支持者。</p><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; margin-top: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 1.6em; vertical-align: baseline;">19岁的加布里埃尔患有先天性脸颊骨和下颌骨发育不全，即柯林斯综合症（Treacher Collins syndrome）。他几乎没有听力，到目前为止做过23次手术，但这并不影响他从小喜欢唱歌。10岁那年，他被邀请去梵蒂冈为教皇献唱，一下子变得很有名，也因此成为沃德的小品素材。</p><div class="su-youtube su-responsive-media-yes" style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.5em; padding-bottom: 362.813px; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative; height: 0px; overflow: hidden;"><div class="fluid-width-video-wrapper" style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; padding-top: 374.516px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 645px; position: relative;"><iframe src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/shrWJEMHBf0?autohide=1&autoplay=0&controls=0&fs=1&loop=0&modestbranding=0&playlist=&rel=0&showinfo=0&theme=dark&wmode=" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="true" id="fitvid945795" style="font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; width: 645px; height: 374.516px; border-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important;"></iframe></div></div><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; margin-top: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 1.6em; vertical-align: baseline;">沃德自2010年起开始表演关于“小杰瑞米”的段子。他说，大家都说小杰瑞米唱得太糟糕，只有他在不停地为这孩子辩护，“他就要死了，我们应该让他实现在教皇面前跑调的梦想。”但是五年后，他发现小杰瑞米“竟然还没有死！”他上网查了一下，发现“原来他的病就是长得丑嘛”。</p><div class="insert-post-ads" style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 0px; line-height: 0px; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(237, 237, 237); float: right;">加拿大国际广播及CBC/Radio-Canada版权所有抄袭举报网站：www.rcinet.ca 微信ID:radio-canada</span></div><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; margin-top: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 1.6em; vertical-align: baseline;">包含这个段子的演出在三年中演了230多场，观众超过13万人次。加布里埃尔说，沃德毁掉了他的一部分生活，那些笑话不仅伤害了他的人格和自信心，而且导致他在学校里受到同学欺凌。2012年，他在母亲陪同下向魁省人权委员会提出投诉。该委员会决定接受投诉后，代表他向魁省人权法庭提出控告。</p><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; margin-top: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 1.6em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">言论自由 </span><span style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">VS </span><span style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">免遭歧视性言论伤害的权利</span></p><div class="insert-post-ads" style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 0px; line-height: 0px; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(237, 237, 237); float: right;">加拿大国际广播及CBC/Radio-Canada版权所有抄袭举报网站：www.rcinet.ca 微信ID:radio-canada</span></div><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; margin-top: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 1.6em; vertical-align: baseline;">主审法官斯科特.休斯在判决书中说，沃德以加布里埃尔为素材创作和表演的笑话超出了言论自由的界限，不仅损害了后者的声誉，而且损害了他的尊严。人的尊严是人权宪章的基石。另外，沃德对加布里埃尔的嘲讽和公众利益无关。</p><div class="insert-post-ads" style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 0px; line-height: 0px; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(237, 237, 237); float: right;">加拿大国际广播及CBC/Radio-Canada版权所有抄袭举报网站：www.rcinet.ca 微信ID:radio-canada</span></div><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; margin-top: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 1.6em; vertical-align: baseline;">休斯法官认为，艺术言论自由并没有特殊地位。沃德的言论的艺术性并不能让他免受法庭审判。在私下场合不可接受的言论，并不会因为由一个幽默演员在公开场合说出来就可以被接受。另外，拥有发表言论的平台意味着更大的责任。一个幽默演员不能只管逗乐观众，他也应该考虑到他的嘲讽对象的基本权利。</p><figure itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemid="http://img.src.ca/2016/07/21/635x357/PC_160721_fl3bt_jeremy-gabriel-21-jui_sn635.jpg" itemprop="associatedMedia" class="associatedMedia image mceNonEditable align-center" data-align="center" style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; margin: 20px auto; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative; max-width: 635px; width: 635px;"><img src="http://img.src.ca/2016/07/21/635x357/PC_160721_fl3bt_jeremy-gabriel-21-jui_sn635.jpg" alt="长大后的加布里埃尔" style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: middle; height: auto; max-width: 100%; display: table-cell;"><figcaption style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 12px; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; padding: 6.34375px 12.6875px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); width: 611px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span itemprop="description" class="description" style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">长大后的加布里埃尔</span> © <span itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Organization" itemid="PC" itemprop="copyrightHolder sourceOrganization provider" class="copyrightHolder sourceOrganization provider" style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">PC</span>/<span itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemprop="creator" class="creator" style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">PC/Paul Chiasson</span></figcaption></figure><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; margin-top: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 1.6em; vertical-align: baseline;">.</p><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; margin-top: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 1.6em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">卡西维：祝</span><span style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">这个孩子快点死真的合适吗？</span></p><div class="insert-post-ads" style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 0px; line-height: 0px; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(237, 237, 237); float: right;">加拿大国际广播及CBC/Radio-Canada版权所有抄袭举报网站：www.rcinet.ca 微信ID:radio-canada</span></div><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; margin-top: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 1.6em; vertical-align: baseline;">《新闻报》艺术专栏作者卡西维同意休斯法官的看法，即沃德对加布里埃尔的讽刺并不涉及公共利益。讽刺揭露贪官或黑社会和嘲笑一个残疾孩子有限的唱功，二者之间有着巨大的差别。后者不是创作的大胆，只是欺负人而已。</p><div class="insert-post-ads" style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 0px; line-height: 0px; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(237, 237, 237); float: right;">加拿大国际广播及CBC/Radio-Canada版权所有抄袭举报网站：www.rcinet.ca 微信ID:radio-canada</span></div><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; margin-top: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 1.6em; vertical-align: baseline;">他认为，这项判决提醒我们，言论自由不是一项绝对权利，它可能受到其他权利的限制。</p><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; margin-top: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 1.6em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">沃德受到许多演艺界人士的声援</span></p><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; margin-top: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 1.6em; vertical-align: baseline;">许多演艺界人士，尤其是沃德的同行，认为这项判决开了一个危险的先例。魁省笑文化节创办人吉贝尔.罗宗说，言论自由和无罪推定一样，是我们奋斗了几百年才争取到的。每次法庭插进一只脚来判决什么可以说、什么说不得，他就感到担忧。</p><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; margin-top: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 1.6em; vertical-align: baseline;">他说，“政治正确”已经给小品创作带来了一些条条框框，现在这项判决可能会让大家开始自我审查。</p><div class="insert-post-ads" style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 0px; line-height: 0px; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(237, 237, 237); float: right;">加拿大国际广播及CBC/Radio-Canada版权所有抄袭举报网站：www.rcinet.ca 微信ID:radio-canada</span></div><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; margin-top: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 1.6em; vertical-align: baseline;">但是魁省人权委员会的律师玛丽.多米尼克说，小品和笑话可以讽刺任何一个群体。但如果针对一个人，言论有歧视动机，并且损害了这个人的基本权利，那就违反了人权宪章。她认为，这项判决并没有构成一个限制言论自由的先例，这只是第一次由法庭把过去已经存在的法规加以清晰的阐释。</p><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; margin-top: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 1.6em; vertical-align: baseline;">多米尼克原本建议法庭禁止沃德在今后的演出中谈论加布里埃尔。休斯法官没有接受这个建议，认为沃德会改正他的行为，不再触犯有关法律。</p><div id="attachment_59060" class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="border: 1px solid rgb(240, 240, 240); font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; margin: 5px auto 20px; padding: 13px 10px 10px; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 96%; text-align: center; width: 630px; background: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><img class="size-full wp-image-59060" src="http://www.rcinet.ca/zh/wp-content/uploads/sites/6/2016/07/0722w.jpg" alt="Just For Laughs" width="620" height="349" srcset="http://www.rcinet.ca/zh/wp-content/uploads/sites/6/2016/07/0722w.jpg 620w, http://www.rcinet.ca/zh/wp-conte ... 7/0722w-240x135.jpg 240w, http://www.rcinet.ca/zh/wp-conte ... 7/0722w-310x174.jpg 310w, http://www.rcinet.ca/zh/wp-conte ... 7/0722w-205x115.jpg 205w, http://www.rcinet.ca/zh/wp-conte ... 7/0722w-500x281.jpg 500w" sizes="(max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px" style="border: 0px none; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: middle; height: auto; max-width: 98.5%; display: block; width: auto;"><p class="wp-caption-text" style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.5em; font-family: inherit; padding: 10px; vertical-align: baseline;">Just For Laughs</p></div><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; margin-top: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 1.6em; vertical-align: baseline;">卡西维说，法官太不了解沃德了。这几天正在蒙特利尔参加英语版的笑文化节的沃德在判决下达后，又开始讲关于加布里埃尔的笑话，问“他怎么还没死啊？”并打赌要用英语、法语甚至西班牙语把这些笑话讲下去。</p><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; margin-top: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 1.6em; vertical-align: baseline;">今年42岁的沃德是少有的能用英语和法语表演的幽默小品演员，曾多次获奖。</p><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; margin-top: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 1.6em; vertical-align: baseline;">（RCI with CBC and La Presse）</p><div class="insert-post-ads" style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 0px; line-height: 0px; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(237, 237, 237); float: right;">加拿大国际广播及CBC/Radio-Canada版权所有抄袭举报网站：www.rcinet.ca 微信ID:radio-canada</span></div><a class="medianet button" href="http://www.rcinet.ca/zh/2016/07/22/58988/#" title="" data-media-id="7569634" data-media-image="" data-media-locale="zh" data-media-appcode="medianet" style="border: none; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 20px; line-height: 24px; font-family: inherit; margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding-top: 20px; padding-bottom: 20px; padding-left: 94px; vertical-align: middle; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration: none; box-shadow: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.298039) 0px 1px 0px inset; border-radius: 2px; cursor: pointer; display: block; text-shadow: none; white-space: nowrap; clear: both; filter: none; width: auto; background: url("../images/btn_ecoutez.png") 0% 0% no-repeat;">收听</a><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; margin-top: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 1.6em; vertical-align: baseline;"></p><span style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 0px; line-height: 0px; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(237, 237, 237); float: right;">加拿大国际广播及CBC/Radio-Canada版权所有抄袭举报网站：www.rcinet.ca 微信ID:radio-canada</span><div align="center" style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><font color="#740000">加广中文、www.rcinet.ca、微信ID:radio-canada</font></span></div></div><p></p>

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